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Several commercial and industrial buildings can reach heights of more than sixty stories. Obviously, when these buildings are being built, they need equally tall cranes to be able to transport the materials to the higher floors. There are cranes which have their own vehicle connected or other types that are operated from the rear of trucks. Tower cranes are the biggest ones on the market.
Tower cranes are stand-alone structures found as part of a major city's downtown skyline on high-rise building projects. Wherever new construction such as apartment buildings and skyscrapers and commercial facilities like shopping center are being built, chances are a crane will be on site.
Kinds
The two key types of cranes can be distinguished by the manner in which their jib or boom raises supplies. The jib is the metal frame which extends from the main section. On a flat tower crane, the jib remains horizontal as it lifts things. On a luffing type of tower crane, the jib can ratchet to upward or downward angles. The lifting capacity for both kinds could range from thirty thousand pounds to ten thousand pounds
Body
The crane's body is composed of a vertical steel mast that is composed of individual [parts. The parts are added to be able increase the overall height of the equipment. The mast extends upward to where the desired height is, to the control module, which is a small room which has glass windows on all four sides or to the tower as it is also called. The crane operator works from inside of the tower.
Lift
To lift materials, the crane utilizes a braided metal cord. The cord extends all the way to the end of the boom or jib from a motor located next to the control module. There is a pulley system located at the end of the jib, through which the cord is positioned and lowered down. The jib that holds the cord becomes balanced by a counter jib located on the tower's opposite side. The counter jib holds weights. These weights help to prevent the crane from toppling over when heavy materials are carried.
The hydraulic truck crane is a particular mobile crane that utilizes hydraulic power to lift and transport thousands of pounds. Hydraulics uses forces being transmitted through oil pushing on the pistons of the boom in opposite directions in order to lift thousands of pounds. Hydraulic truck cranes are important in constructing major projects like bridges, airports, streets and buildings. A crane can accomplish in minutes jobs which would normally take lots of hours and hundreds of men to accomplish.
The vast equipments are usually used in the construction of cities, houses, entire nations and individual buildings throughout the ages. Even the Great Pyramids in Egypt were probably built utilizing basic cranes to allow the heaviest materials in one of the most awesome construction projects ever.
The first cranes were established during 3000 B.C. Egypt during King Ramses'' reign. This lifting device was initially utilized to collect water. The first official "cranes" appeared in Ancient Greece. These mechanism were utilized to create a whole nation in the 5th century B.C.
These cranes were originally made out of wood. The designs of cranes started to change when dockyards started to need stronger and bigger equipments. Hick & Rothwell designed the first cast iron cranes in Bolton, England, during the year 1834. This machinery can lift up to 2 tons. That same year, wire ropes were added to the crane by Herr Albert Sr. who was an Official of the German Superior Board. The wire rope made the crane more durable and stronger. This addition allowed cranes to have a larger capacity for lifting heavy weights.
Ultimately, the wire ropes were weaved together to be able to form an even more powerful strength. This wire formation also brought the added advantage of flexibility. 4 years later, Germany began to make cast iron cranes. The first cast iron crane built by Germany was made in Neuburg.
